CXCL10 and infection: Amelio et al. (2019) reported that serum levels of IL-1 (IL-6, IL-23, IP-10, and CRP in HIV–MTb co-infected patients are reduced compared to MTb infection alone. CD4+ T depletion in immune-compromised HIV infected patients promote the infection of other opportunistic pathogens such as Candida albicans and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Ample of evidences exhibit that HIV infected patients are more susceptible to mucosal candidiasis during early stage but CMV pathogenesis is evident during more severe reduction of CD4+ T cell in late phase of HIV infection (Anglaret et al., 2012).