PAK1 and cancer: Despite the lack of change in mitogenic pathways affecting GNP proliferation (e.g., Shh and Fgf), we observed altered expression of many genes with known roles in cancer and the epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition (e.g., Acer2, Log2FC = 0.59; Apln, Log2FC = 1.20; Chp2, Log2FC = 1.21; Cntfr, Log2FC = –0.66; Pak1, Log2FC = −0.62; and Wwtr1, Log2FC = 0.89; Figure 3C).