PSMA3 and glioma: Furthermore, JC-1 assay was conducted to detect cell apoptosis after PSMA3-AS1 was knocked down in glioma cells, and result showed that the JC-1 ratio was declined by PSMA3-AS1 silencing, which meant that the down-regulation of PSMA3-AS1 enhanced cell apoptosis in glioma (Fig. 1e).