VWF and COVID-19: Multiple studies, including a multicenter prospective cohort study, indicate that coagulopathy and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 are characterized by increased plasma levels of D-dimer (fibrin degradation product), vWF, and coagulation factor VIII (FVIII; refs. 7, 8), which is thought to be caused by SARS-CoV-2–induced inflammatory responses or sepsis (2, 7, 8).