TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: How Metformin-induced CMA activation affects various signaling networks in the context of, for example, pathways related to TNFα-induced inflammation, and whether this plays a role in the mechanism of action of Metformin in the context of type 2 diabetes, or the reported effects of Metformin on cancers (Evans et al. 2005) and AD (Campbell 2018), remains to be elucidated.