Monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) (e.g., nivolumab, pembrolizumab) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (e.g., atezolizumab) have demonstrated significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival in the latest clinical trials conducted in patients in the advanced stage of NSCLC (Borghaei et al. 2015; Brahmer et al. 2015; Reck et al. 2016; Rittmeyer et al. 2017). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.