Figure 1 shows a violin plot depicting the relationship between CD4/CD8 ratio and viral load, and as expected, higher viral loads were negatively associated with CD4/CD8 ratios. We also found that increasing BMI was positively associated with increasing CD4+ cell counts (Figure 2). T2D was found in 51% of the VACC individuals (917/1,807), with no differences by sex (females OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.68, 1.13; p = 0.306). However, for example, participants with T2D had higher CD8+ cell % (Cohen-d 25.6%, p < 0.001) and less LDL-C (Cohen-d 0.24, p < 0.001) compared to those without T2D (Table 3). Here, CD4 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.