The -606G allele was associated with higher relative expression of PDCD1 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Japanese and Filipino patients exhibiting subacute sclerosing panencephalitis due to measles infection (Ishizaki et al., 2010), and with lower survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (Sasaki et al., 2014). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.