Although the toxicity of CSF1R inhibitor combined with immune checkpoint blockade was generally consistent with monotherapy, and the combination resulted in dose-related reduction of circulating monocytes1 (88), unfortunately, in phase II study (NCT03336216) the combination of Cabiralizumab and nivolumab (anti-PD1) with or without chemotherapy failed to improve progression-free survival of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.2 Here, PDCD1 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.