Reduced capacity for TNF-α production was most pronounced in CD39hi CD103+ CD8+ T cells while these cells retained the highest capacity for granzyme B production and showed greater evidence of proliferation ex-vivo by Ki67 staining (Sup SFigure 2a), in line with the findings of Canale et al.11 in human breast cancer. This evidence concerns the gene ITGAE and breast carcinoma.