As described by Hailemichael et al., IFA creates a depot effect at the vaccination site, which may sequester antigen-specific T cells and thus prevent migration of T cells to the tumor site (82), possibly explaining the failure of the gp100 vaccine (with IFA adjuvant) in the landmark study of ipilimumab and gp100 combination vs. ipilimumab alone or gp100 alone (2). Here, PMEL is linked to neoplasm.