Many CB1R antagonists (SR141716A, JD-5037, LH-21, AM251) also directly increased insulin release from mouse islets, clonal rat β-cells, mouse insulinoma βTC6 cells, and human islets (47, 53, 78) and in isolated islets from both prediabetic and diabetic mice, concomitant with improved islet function (79). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is pancreatic insulinoma.