BDNF and major depressive disorder: Besides, lactate can also ameliorate depression symptoms, potentiate angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and may involve in exercise-induced cerebrovascular changes and the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; Morland et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2018; El Hayek et al., 2019; Karnib et al., 2019).