ECT2 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Recently, it has been shown that the oncogene epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 (ECT2), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rho GTPases, is upregulated in hyperplastic AECII of IPF patients, and can contribute to the hyperplastic and proliferative lung epithelial cell phenotype (Ulke et al., 2019).