To this purpose, (Xu et al., 2016b) after performing single-cell RNA sequencing of epithelial cells from IPF patients (Xu et al 2016), through Pathway analysis showed that the YAP/TAZ, TGF-β, Wnt, and PI3K signaling pathways were aberrantly activated in epithelial cells of IPF lung patients (Gokey et al., 2018). Here, TGFB1 is linked to idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.