For this study, we used peripheral blood and tissue biospecimens obtained from the first-in-human clinical trial of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 (nivolumab) in resectable non-small cell lung cancer8 (NSCLC; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02259621; Fig. 1a, top) to study the transcriptional programs of MANA-specific TIL. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.