In addition to these cytokines, coculturing with tumor spheroids (inside and outside of the spheroids) or exposing to tumor-conditioned medium (generated from tumor spheroids) for 7 days, and cell adhesion to the culture plate in the absence of GM-CSF or M-CSF also induced CD276 upregulation (Supplementary Figs. 2A, B). Here, CSF1 is linked to neoplasm.