While the affinity range is likely target dependent and dictated by multiple variables, such as copy number, tumor-to-normal antigen density differentials and the biology of internalization, the LYPD1-directed bivalent TCBs which showed selective binding to LYPD1high and LYPD1medium-expressing cells had a Kd of 47 nM, suggesting a similar optimal affinity range for LYPD1 TAAs. Here, LYPD1 is linked to neoplasm.