To precisely determine which step of the viral life cycle (from infection, reverse transcription and integration to viral transcription and translation of viral proteins) is suppressed in ABI-MAC, we may need to compare the copy number of proviral DNA or viral transcripts and the amounts of viral proteins between ABI-MAC and AB-MAC; nonetheless, similar to our previous work, our current data indicated that IL-27 can differentiate monocytes into HIV-resistant cells. The gene discussed is IL27; the disease is infection.