STAT3 and HIV infectious disease: In an attempt to draw a correlation between autophagy induction and HIV inhibition, we induced ABI-MAC in the presence of two different JAK inhibitors, Ruxolitinib and Tofacitinib34–36: those treatments suppressed IL-27-mediated STAT1 and STAT3 activations (Fig. 5a,b, respectively) along with autophagy induction and HIV restriction (Fig. 5c–e, and Supplementary Fig. S8), suggesting that both autophagy and control of HIV infection in ABI-MAC are mediated via the JAK/STAT pathway.