TGFB1 and neoplasm: We examined the effluents obtained from the tumor chambers of OTME-Chips and found a time-dependent increase in the concentration of growth factors platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor–β (TGFβ) and cytokines IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and IL-6 in effluents due to extravasated platelets that were significantly reduced in KO–TME-Chips (Fig. 3F).