VTCN1 and neoplasm: High expression of B7-H4 in the tumor microenvironment exerts negative immunomodulatory effects through several pathways, including arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 stage, promoting T cell apoptosis, inhibiting T cell growth, cytokine secretion and development of cytotoxicity [38], thereby affecting the biological behavior of tumor cells, assisting tumor immune escape, and leading to worse patient prognosis [44].