The relationship between nintedanib plasma exposure and ALT or AST elevations ≥ 3 × ULN was weak to moderate across all models and indications (taking into account the steepness of the exposure–safety curve), and was therefore comparable between studies in IPF, SSc-ILD and chronic fibrosing ILDs with a progressive phenotype other than IPF. The gene discussed is GPT; the disease is systemic sclerosis.