The mechanisms by which SGLT2 inhibition decreases arterial stiffness and improves endothelial dysfunction are not fully understood but may be related to changes in sodium exposure.67,68 The effect of SGLT2 inhibition on arterial stiffness is particularly relevant to the glycocalyx, which, as noted elsewhere in this article, functions as a nonosmotic sodium buffer and can be damaged by sodium and glucose overload. This evidence concerns the gene SLC5A2 and endothelial dysfunction.