The diagnostic values of the candidate IL‐2, IL‐5, IP‐10, IL‐8, eotaxin, TNF‐α, HGF, MIP‐1b using ELISA were further evaluated in 363 serum samples in the biomarker assessment stage and were finally evaluation value of protein panels for the detection and therapy monitoring of ESCC. Here, HGF is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.