We have discussed examples where RNAPII-dependent lncRNA can both stimulate the formation of hyperactive nucleoli (e.g., SLERT or Alu-repeat transcripts in cancers) and cause the disintegration of nucleoli by impairing the functions of nucleolar proteins (e.g., LoNA or the C9orf72 transcripts in neurodegenerative diseases). This evidence concerns the gene C9orf72 and neurodegenerative disease.