VEGFA and pulmonary arterial hypertension: The presence of HIV proteins alone tends to decrease VEGF expression in SIV-infected macaques with pulmonary arteriopathy84 –and experimental models of PAH may employ combinations of known pulmonary vascular insults like [HIV proteins + morphine]84 or [Sugen + morphine]233, all of which recreate pro-angiogenic signaling as hallmarks of PAH.