Moreover, NAFLD features, such as increased levels of fat, hepatic TG, TC, FFA, and acetyl-CoA accumulation, were observed in all Acot12−/− mouse diet groups fed an HFD, and HFHCD was more pronounced (Fig. 2e, f, Supplementary Fig. 4c, d, Supplementary Fig. 5 and Supplementary Fig. 6). This evidence concerns the gene ACOT12 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.