It has been reported that some emerging biomarkers can serve to predict the therapeutic effect, such as the expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on cancer cells and antigen-presenting cells, which can direct the inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) and the tumor mutational burden (TMB), leading to an increase in the expression of tumor-specific neoantigens. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.