Here, we can speculate that elevated levels of initial type 1 immune response factors (e.g. TNF-α, INF-γ and NO) possibly contributed to acute anaemia (Naessen et al., 2005; Mabbott and Sternberg, 1995; Wu et al., 2017) in KETRI 3801 as compared to KETRI 3928 infections. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.