ENTPD1 and neoplasm: In summary, the present study indicates that the RSCRC microenvironment with abnormal activation of PLA2G4A educated γδ T cells into CD39+ γδ Tregs, which produce the protumor cytokine IL-17A and adenosine, consequently establishing a potent immunosuppressive microenvironment for promoting immune evasion and tumor metastasis.