Inversely, transient microglial depletion by clodronate liposomes or chemical inhibitors of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), a key regulator of macrophage development, chemotaxis and survival (Stanley and Chtu, 2014), can ameliorate disease progression in mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease by facilitating remyelination and alleviating symptoms of myelination defects (Casali et al., 2020; Hansen et al., 2018; Janova et al., 2018; Lloyd et al., 2019; Spangenberg and Green, 2017; Spangenberg et al., 2019). Here, CSF1R is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.