A validation study [48] conducted in 2016 on a (training) cohort of 255 patients initially and a separate validation cohort of 519 patients tested the ability of the ExoDx test in combination with SOC (PSA level, age, race and family history) to identify PCa GS (Gleason score) ≥7 in men aged ≥50 awaiting their first biopsy (PSA 2–20 ng/mL and/or suspicious DRE). Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.