CXCL12 and viral infectious disease: In our SARS-CoV-2 infected iPSC-derived acinar cells, we believe CXCL12 could be playing either pro-inflammatory roles since other known pro-inflammatory transcription factors were also upregulated, such as NKFB1 and STAT3 (Ji et al., 2019), or a defensive anti-inflammatory defensive to viral infection.