TRPV1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: TRPV1 mediates many different effects in the cardiovascular system, being both protective and harmful, depending on the precise setting: TRPV1 was shown to mediate ventricular hypertrophy and to aggravate arterial hypertension and pulmonary hypertension, but on the other side to protect the myocardium from reperfusion injury27.