Although Wnt10b and DKK1 upregulation and downregulation, respectively, have been identified by IHC66,68, our microarray of whole skin shows Wnt10b expression decreased and DKK1, DKK2, and DKK3 all increased in SSc compared to control skin (combined microarray data; R. Lafyatis). This evidence concerns the gene DKK1 and systemic sclerosis.