To clarify a role of IRF5 other than the induction of type I IFNs in SLE pathogenesis, we analyzed the peripheral blood transcriptome of SLE patients, which is available in a public database31, and the peripheral blood transcriptome of Lyn-deficient mice with concomitant Ifnar1 or Irf5 deficiency. This evidence concerns the gene LYN and systemic lupus erythematosus.