CD274 and neoplasm: Moreover, several studies have demonstrated that the secretion of inflammatory cytokines induced by OVs upregulates PD-L1 in tumor cells, which is self-defeating for cytotoxic T cells.54 55 These findings suggest that the efficacy of Delta-24-ACT therapy could be improved using an anti-PD-L1 antibody,56 which could help alleviate the exhaustion induced by the activation of the immune response.