VEGFA and neoplasm: Exosomes induce tumor-associated angiogenesis (Fig. 2), a process through which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing vessels by transferring or expressing protein molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factors (FGF), interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and angiopoietin [7, 39, 40].