Activated NFκB induces the expression of type I Interferon which is critical for innate immunity; (2) PA-induced activation of CASP1 enhances the production of IL1β, which enhances inflammation; (3) PA also activates PTGS2 (COX2), which leads to pulmonary inflammation and lung tissue damage; and (4) PA activates FOS and NFκB, which leads to the increased production of IL6, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, IL1β, leading to hypercytokinemia and pulmonary inflammation (Figure 5). Here, IL1B is linked to inflammation.