Similar to NT-proBNP, the post-hoc analyses of ARISTOTLE trial (120), RE-LY trial (111), and ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial (112) also indicated a positive association between cTnI/cTnT level and risk of TE/IS, and integrating troponin to the CHA2DS2-VASc score could improve C-statistics. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and atrial fibrillation.