However, genomic analysis of 224 human European genomes dating from the Upper Paleolithic to Roman periods have not detected specific malaria resistance mutations in genomes, such as mutations affecting the G6PD gene (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), HBB gene (hemoglobin subunit beta), or Duffy blood group, suggesting a weak adaptation to malaria or a mild form caused by P. vivax in Europe during the Prehistory, Protohistory, and Antiquity periods (12). This evidence concerns the gene HBB and malaria.