These findings suggest that ATR provides a protective role in the injured proximal tubular epithelium to restrict or attenuate exuberant (i.e., fibrotic) repair while highlighting the role of p53 in renal disease since treatment with the p53 inhibitor PIF-α significantly reduces the fraction of G2/M cells and mitigates the fibrotic response (Yang et al., 2010; Overstreet et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2019). Here, TP53 is linked to kidney disorder.