ATXN1 and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: Indeed, loss or reduction of functional ATXN1 has been observed in patients with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Celestino-Soper et al., 2012; Di Benedetto et al., 2013), suggesting that loss of ATXN1-CIC complexes causes a spectrum of neurobehavioral phenotypes (Lu et al., 2017).