In comparison to unvaccinated TBE patients, VBT patients had significantly higher CSF levels of VEGF-A, IFN-β and Th2 cytokine IL-5 (p<0.05), but lower concentration of MIP-3β/CCL19 (p<0.05) (Figure 3A). The gene discussed is IFNB1; the disease is tick-borne encephalitis.