A positive correlation between MIG/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10, I-TAC/CXCL11 and MIP-3β/CCL19 and mononuclear cell infiltrates was also observed in previous studies on TBE patients, confirming their potential involvement in lymphocyte extravasation to the site of infection during TBE (Bogovic et al., 2019). Here, CXCL9 is linked to tick-borne encephalitis.