ACE and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: HTN: hypertension; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHF: congestive heart failure; CAD: coronary artery disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine transaminase