Besides, our results showed that multiple pathways related to AF were not present in the original text, including calcium signaling pathway, collagen-containing extracellular matrix, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, and potassium channel activity in LAA, most of which are complicated in either atrial structural or electrical remodeling (Jalife and Kaur, 2015), suggesting that GSEA taking into account gene expression values could have an advantage over classic enrichment pathway software such as GO or KEGG. The gene discussed is KCNA3; the disease is atrial fibrillation.