Most of these genes (such as OBSL1, GNAS, TCIRG1, and C5) are involved in susceptibility to infection and inflammatory response, cellular and immune regulation, cellular biologic function, and metabolic biologic processes closely related to early development and organogenesis, which are important in the occurrence of biologic dysfunction in BPD development (Supplementary Figure 2). Here, GNAS is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.