The CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11/CXCR3 axis and TNFSF13B play a role in both these recruitment and activation processes, responsible for attracting Th1 cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells to the site of the infection, and related to B-cell activation, respectively (65). Here, CXCL11 is linked to infection.