However, although the three HC-enriched MEs were not correlated with the gut microbiota or with inflammation indicators, these peptides are also of interest: VVTNAAGGLNPKFEVGDIML from PNP binds to HLA-B7, while loss of PNP function can lead to severe T cell immunodeficiency or autoimmune disease (41). Here, PNP is linked to autoimmune disease.