HIF1A and preeclampsia: Hypoxia and elevated levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) protein have also been noted in the placenta and are strongly associated with preeclampsia (Caniggia and Winter, 2002; Rajakumar et al., 2004, 2008; Zamudio et al., 2007, 2014; Kanasaki and Kalluri, 2009; Pringle et al., 2010; Rolfo et al., 2010; Pennington et al., 2012; Korkes et al., 2017; Chang et al., 2018; Park et al., 2018; Rana et al., 2019).