Compared with ESAs (epoetin alfa or darbepoetin alfa) and placebo, roxadustat raised the hemoglobin level [weighted mean difference (WMD): 0.82 g/dL; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43–1.21], transferrin level (WMD: 0.5 g/L; 95% CI: 0.34–0.65), and TIBC level (WMD: 41.79 μg/dL; 95% CI: 38.67–44.92) and lowered the hepcidin level (WMD: −37.38 ng/ml; 95% CI: −46.63– −28.12) in both the DD-CKD and NDD-CKD patients with renal anemia. Here, HAMP is linked to chronic kidney disease.