Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHI), new oral agents for anemia treatment in CKD inhibiting the activity of hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PHD), can simulate the human hypoxia state, stabilize the HIF pathway and thus stimulate endogenous EPO production, upregulate transferrin receptor expression, increase the iron uptake by proerythrocytes, and promote the maturation of erythrocytes repleting with Hb (Bonomini et al., 2016; Gupta and Wish, 2017). Here, EPO is linked to anemia.